How did tornadoes form? What should I do when encountering a tornado?

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Tornadoes form when specific weather conditions come together to create a rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm cloud to the ground. Here is a general explanation of how tornadoes form and what to do when encountering one: Formation Process: Weather conditions: Tornadoes typically form in the presence of severe thunderstorms, characterized by a combination of warm, moist air near the surface and cooler, drier air aloft. This instability can be further enhanced by wind shear, which causes the air to rotate. Rotation and updrafts: Within a thunderstorm, there are updrafts (rising air) and downdrafts (sinking air). If there is sufficient wind shear, the updrafts can begin to rotate horizontally. As the updrafts strengthen, they draw the rotating air upward, creating a vertical rotating column within the storm. Funnel cloud and tornado formation: If the rotating column of air descends from the storm cloud and makes contact with the ground, it becomes a tornado. The visible part of the tornado is called a funnel cloud, which consists of condensed water droplets and debris. What to Do When Encountering a Tornado: Seek shelter: If you are in a building, move to a small, windowless, and interior room on the lowest level, such as a basement or storm cellar. Avoid windows and exterior walls. If you are in a mobile home, evacuate and seek shelter in a sturdy building or designated storm shelter. Cover and protect yourself: Use mattresses, blankets, or cushions to cover yourself and stay protected from flying debris. Consider wearing a helmet to protect your head. Stay informed: Listen to weather updates, warnings, and instructions through a battery-powered weather radio or a trusted source of information. Do not rely solely on sirens, as they may not always be audible indoors. If caught outside: If you are unable to find shelter indoors, lie flat in a low-lying area such as a ditch or culvert, covering your head and neck with your arms or a coat. Be aware of the potential for flooding in low-lying areas during heavy rainfall. Stay away from vehicles and mobile homes: These structures offer little protection against tornadoes. Abandon your vehicle or mobile home and seek a sturdy shelter. It is important to note that tornadoes are highly unpredictable and can be extremely dangerous. The above guidelines provide general advice, but always prioritize the instructions and guidance from local authorities and emergency management agencies. Additionally, it is recommended to have a preparedness plan in place and practice tornado drills with your family or household members.